Introduction
Malta's coastal waters, renowned for their beauty, can become hazardous during fog events. Sudden drops in visibility due to mist demand heightened vigilance and precise navigation strategies. This guide outlines critical procedures for sailors to safely navigate Malta's coasts when fog blankets the Mediterranean.
Radar Calibration: Precision in Low-Visibility Conditions
Radar systems are indispensable in fog, but their effectiveness hinges on proper calibration. Follow these steps:
Adjust Gain Settings: Fine-tune radar gain to detect small targets like buoys or shallow waters without generating excessive noise. Malta's narrow straits and submerged rocks require heightened sensitivity.
Prioritize Close-Range Scanning: Set the radar range to 1-3 nautical miles for immediate hazard detection, especially near inlets like Marsamxett Harbour.
Verify AIS Integration: Ensure Automatic Identification System (AIS) feeds align with radar returns to confirm vessel positions in busy traffic lanes.
Cross-Reference Charts: Match radar imagery with Malta-specific nautical charts to identify known hazards like the St. Elmo Breakwater.
Sound Signaling: Communicating Intent in Obscurity
In fog, sound signals replace visual cues for vessels. Malta's coastal traffic rules mandate strict adherence to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS):
Fishing Vessels: Sound one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts every two minutes.
Power-Driven Vessels: Emit one prolonged blast at intervals of no more than two minutes when underway.
Anchored Ships: Ring a bell rapidly for five seconds every minute.
Malta-specific Note: In confined harbors like Grand Harbour, prolonged blasts should avoid overlapping with ferry or cargo ship schedules to prevent confusion.
Alternative Route Planning: Mitigating Fog-Related Risks
Proactive Pre-Trip Strategies
Plot Secondary Routes: Use GPS waypoints to identify fog-friendly detours away from shallow bays (e.g., Mellieha Bay) and rocky outcrops.
Refuge Harbors: Pre-select sheltered anchorages like Marsamxett or St. Paul's Bay as emergency stops during severe fog.
Current Assessments: Account for Mediterranean currents that may push vessels off-course when visibility is minimal.
Real-Time Adjustments
Reduce Speed: Halve passage speed near Malta's 30m+ cliffs to allow reaction time.
Close Quarter Monitoring: Assign crew to watch for sudden sound signal changes or radar blips indicating nearby vessels.
Re-Evaluate Routes: If visibility drops under 500 meters, delay departure until conditions improve.
Conclusion
Fog navigation near Malta demands a blend of technology, protocol adherence, and local expertise. Regular radar checks, disciplined use of sound signals, and flexible routing ensure safety amid coastal mist. Always prioritize caution and verify forecasts through Maltese maritime authorities before setting sail.